Solarization stable borosilicate glass and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a borosilicate glass consisting of 0.01 0.05 wt. % Fe 2 O 3  and 0.05 0.8 wt. % TiO 2 , which is highly resistant to solarization and which is especially suitable for use as backlight bulbs.

The invention relates to a solarization-stable borosilicate glass and uses thereof.

Special fluorescent tubes, so-called “backlights”, are used for background illumination of, for example, displays of personal computers, laptops, pocket calculators, vehicle navigation systems, for example.

While conventional fluorescent tubes are made of soft glass, which has a low solarization stability, more solarization-stable glass is needed for backlights whose structure corresponds to that of fluorescent tubes in principle, in order to assure long term functionality.

Because of the structure of the backlights, the glass used must be capable of being melted together with tungsten. To this end it must have a thermal expansion matched to the expansion behavior of W. With the thermal expansion coefficient α_(20/300) of W of 4.4×10⁻⁶/K, glass with α_(20/300) between 3.7×10⁻⁶/K and 4.2×10⁻⁶/K is suitable. This is also a difference in respects to the said soft glass, which is melted together with Fe—Ni alloys.

The glass should preferably have a low transformation temperature T_(g), i.e. T_(g)<520° C., so that it can be preferably processed at lower temperatures.

The transmission progression of the glass is essential. As high a possible a transparency is demanded in the visible range in order to obtain a high light yield from the lamp, in the UV range a transmission defined in accordance with the purpose is demanded. For example, the effects of harmful UV radiation ≦260 nm must be prevented by means of a corresponding lowering of the UV transmission in order not to let plastics, for example in laptops, become yellowed and brittle. For this, glass with a UV transmission at lambda ≦260 nm tau of <0.7%, measured at 0.2 mm thick samples, is suitable. For flash tubes or gas discharge lamps, transmissions tau at lambda ≦260 nm of ≦30% (with 0.2 mm thick samples) are sufficient. The transition from the opaque to the transparent wavelength range should be as short as possible, i.e. in this range the transmission curve should extend as steeply as possible.

The minimum demand made on the transmission in the visible wavelength range is, at tau >400 nm and a sample thickness of 0.2 mm, a transmission of 92%. Thus, the requirement is tau (>400 nm; 0.2 mm)≧92%.

A further essential property of glass for “backlights” is the solarization stability which is required for making possible a long service life of the lamps, i.e. as constant as possible a light yield. Glass is to be considered “solarization stable” here which, following 15 hours of HOK-4 radiation, i.e. a radiation from an Hg high-pressure lamp with a main emission at 365 nm and a radiated strength of 850 μW/cm² at 200 to 280 nm at a distance of 1 m, shows a transmission drop of less than 5% at 300 nm on a glass sample of 0.2 mm thickness. The demands made on glass for flash tubes, gas discharge lamps and backlights are very similar. All should have the highest possible solarization stability and have a high transmission in the visible range.

Various documents are already known in the patent literature describing more or less solarization-stable glass, in particular glass for lamps. However, this glass has the most varied disadvantages, in particular a solarization stability which does not meet the present-day high requirements.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,248 describes a headlight lens made of glass of a very broad composition range, part of which is SiO₂, and wherein Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, earth alkali oxides and alkali oxides, as well as small amounts of iron oxide can be further components. However, the K₂O portion is only allowed to lie between 0 and 1 weight-%.

The properties which are essential for backlights, flash tubes and gas discharge lamps, such as solarization stability and a thermal expansion matched to tungsten, are not of importance here.

DE 195 45 422 A1 relates to a bonded glass for anodic bonding of silicon components with glass components, which has a high content of Li₂O and contains high Fe₂O₃/FeO dopings.

JP 10-36135 A describes glass for electronic image capturing. In this case the lowest possible α-radiation of the glass is essential. To this end, in a wide basic glass composition the U, Th, Ra contents are <100 ppb, and the contents of Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, PbO, ZrO are >100 ppm.

EP 0 735 007 B1 describes a solid lead- and arsenic-free glass with resistance against solarization, containing defined amounts of SnO₂ and CeO₂, by means of which the solarization stability is increased, but not to a satisfactory degree.

The same applies to the glass containing CeO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in WO 98/55413.

The closest prior art is represented by JP 8-12369 A. For UV blocking, the borosilicate glass for gas discharge lamps described therein contains a total of 0.03 to 3 weight-% of at least two of the components V₂O₅, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂ and CeO₂. A high transmission and high solarization stability cannot be accomplished by means of these components with in part large individual proportions, nor by their combination.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to make available a solarization-stable glass which does not let UV (<260 nm) through and has a high transmission in the visible range, as well as a thermal expansion matched to the expansion behavior of tungsten.

This object is attained by a borosilicate glass in accordance with the main claim.

Glass with the desired transmission properties preferably consists of a basic glass system of 70 to 80 weight-% of SiO₂, 13 to 18 weight-% of B₂O₃, 0.5 to 4 weight-%, preferably 0.5 to <2 weight-% of Al₂O₃, alkali oxides, namely preferably 2 to 5 weight-% of Na₂O, and 1 to 3 weight-%, preferably >1 to 3 weight-% of K₂O, and 0 to 1 weight-% of Li₂O, preferably free of Li₂O, and optionally earth alkali oxides, namely preferably 0 to 1 weight-% of MgO, 0 to 1 weight-% of CaO and 0 to 1 weight-% of BaO, preferably free of BaO.

The simultaneous presence of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in definite proportions, namely 0.01 to 0.05 weight-% of Fe₂O₃ and 0.05 to 0.8 weight-% of TiO₂ is important for the invention.

The respective minimum proportions of Fe₂O₃, as well as of TiO₂ are necessary for achieving the high degree of solarization stability. A TiO₂ content of at least 0.1 weight-% is preferred, a content of at least 0.2 weight-% of TiO₂ is particularly preferred, and at least 0.4 weight-% of TiO₂ are most particularly preferred. Because of the simultaneous presence of these two components in the amounts mentioned, the UV edge, i.e. the transition between absorption and transmission at the desired wavelength, is maintained.

Higher Fe₂O₃ contents than 0.05 weight-% would mean a lowering of the transmission in the range between 350 to approximately 600 nm, which can be blamed on the effects of Fe³⁺. But higher TiO₂ contents than 0.8 weight-% would lead to the displacement of the UV edge into the longer wave visible range and therefore to a yellow tint of the glass. Furthermore, when increasing both components past the cited highest contents, ilmenite is formed, which leads to a brown coloration of the glass, and therefore to lowering the transmission.

The glass can contain customary refining agents in customary amounts, for example evaporation refining agents such as Cl and F, but also redox refining agents, which are effective because of their polyvalent cations, for example SnO₂ and Sb₂O₃, which are preferably present in the glass in respectively 0 to 0.5 weight-%. An SnO₂ content between 0 and 0.2 weight-percent is particularly preferred.

Except for unavoidable impurities, the glass does not contain As₂O₃, since As₂O₃ would have disadvantageous effects on the solarization stability.

The same applies to PbO. Therefore the glass is free of PbO, except for unavoidable impurities.

The glass can contain up to 0.5 weight-%, preferably up to 0.1 weight-% of MnO₂. At this order of magnitude it is used as a refining agent and displaces the UV edge into the long wave range.

The glass can contain 0 to 1 weight-% of ZrO₂. ZrO₂ is mainly of advantage for the chemical resistance of the glass. Higher ZrO₂ contents would have a negative effect on melting, and the processing temperature of the glass would become too high. Moreover, there would be the danger of undissolved mixture particles to remain behind. It is preferred to omit the addition of ZrO₂, so that the glass is free of ZrO₂, except for unavoidable impurities in the form of raw materials or vat corrosion.

Except for unavoidable impurities, the glass is furthermore free of CeO₂. This is of great advantage for the transmission properties, because CeO₂ has very negative effects on the solarization stability.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Customary raw materials were used for producing the sample glass and the comparison glass, i.e. it is not particularly necessary to use expensive low-Fe materials.

The well homogenized mixture was melted in the laboratory in a Pt-crucible at 1600° C., refined and homogenized. The glass was cast thereafter and cooled at 20 k/h.

Table 1 shows a melting example for a 0.5 l molten mass. Oxide Weight-% Raw Material Original Quantity SiO₂ 74.90 SiO₂ 670.51 B₂O₃ 16.90 H₃BO₃ 145.08 Al₂O₃ 1.14 Al₂O₃ 7.94 Na₂O 3.73 Na₂B₄O₇ 101.04 K₂O 1.44 K₂CO₃ 18.65 CaO 0.60 CaCO₃ 0.1727 MgO 0.42 Dolomit 16.38 NaCl 0.45 NaCl 4.01 TiO₂ 0.40 TiO₂ 3.36 Fe₂O₃ 0.025 Fe₂O₃ 0.0913

The properties of the glass obtained in this way are shown in Table 2, Example A4.

Table 2 shows six examples of glass in accordance with the invention (A1 to A6) with their components (in weight-% on an oxide basis and their essential properties.

Table 3 shows the compositions and properties of five pieces of comparison glass (V1 to V5).

0.45 weight-% of NaCl were added to each of the glass mixture. Only about 0.29 weight-% of NaCl can be found in the finished glass pieces.

The following properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3: ▪ the thermal expansion coefficient α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K] ▪ the transformation temperature T_(g) [° C.] ▪ the solarization stability, stated as the difference of

transmission at lambda=300 nm between a non-irradiated sample of 0.2 mm thickness, and one after 15 hours of irradiation by a HOK-4 lamp, stated as Delta₁₅ tau (300 nm, 0.2 mm) [%] ▪ the transmission at lambda=>400 nm and a sample thickness of 0.2 mm tau (>400 nm; 0.2 mm) to document the high transmission in the visible range ▪ the transmission at lambda=>260 nm and a sample thickness of 0.2 mm tau (>260 nm; 0.2 mm) to document high transmission in the UV range (UV blockage). TABLE 1 Compositions (in weight-% on an oxide basis) and essential properties of glass (A) in accordance with the invention A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 SiO₂ 75.17 74.57 74.92 74.90 75.13 75.00 B₂O₃ 16.96 16.94 16.90 16.90 16.95 16.92 Al₂O₃ 1.15 1.65 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.15 Na₂O 3.74 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.74 3.73 K₂O 1.45 1.45 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.44 CaO 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 MgO 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 TiO₂ 0.075 0.200 0.400 0.400 0.100 0.100 SnO₂ — — — — — 0.200 MnO₂ — — — — 0.025 — Fe₂O₃ 0.013 0.01 0.013 0.025 0.013 0.013 α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K] 3.84 3.84 3.88 3.80 3.82 3.88 T_(a) [° C.] 503 495 511 496 496 504 Δ₁₅τ (300 nm; 0.2 mm) 4.4 2.2 2.1 2.4 3.8 4.3 [%] τ (260 nm, 0.2 mm) [%] 21 8.7 0.6 0.3 15.7 18.7 τ (>400 nm, 0.2 mm) [%] >92 >92 >92 >92 >92 >92

TABLE 2 Compositions (in weight-% on an oxide basis) and essential properties of comparison glass (V) V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 SiO₂ 75.17 75.22 74.57 75.11 75.22 B₂O₃ 16.96 16.97 16.94 16.95 16.97 Al₂O₃ 1.15 1.15 1.65 1.15 1.15 Na₂O 3.74 3.74 3.73 3.74 3.74 K₂O 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 CaO 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 MgO 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 NaCl 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 TiO₂ 0.075 0.034 0.200 0.100 0.0033 CeO₂ — — — 0.05 — Fe₂O₃ 0.0084 0.013 0.0084 0.013 0.0084 α_(20/300) [10⁻⁶/K] n.b. 3.55 n.b. n.b. n.b. T_(g) [° C.] n.b. 497 n.b. n.b. n.b. Δ₁₅τ (300 nm; 0.2 mm [%] 5.8 5.5 6.7 5.8 7.8 τ (260 nm: 0.2 mm) 41.3 39.8 9.6 11 65.8 τ (>400 nm; 0.2 mm) >92 >92 >92 >92 >92

The transmission curves tau over lambda (200 to 400 nm) for some exemplary and comparison embodiments before (a), and after (b), irradiation are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.

In detail:

FIG. 1: A1 and V1, V5, respectively not irradiated and following 100 hours of irradiation by means of an HOK-4 lamp (sample thickness: 0.2 mm)

FIG. 2: A2 and V3, respectively not irradiated and following 100 hours of irradiation by means of an HOK-4 lamp (sample thickness: 0.2 mm)

FIG. 3: A3, A4, respectively not irradiated and following 100 hours of irradiation by means of an HOK-4 lamp (sample thickness: 0.21 mm)

FIG. 4: A5, A6, respectively not irradiated and following 100 hours of irradiation by means of an HOK-4 lamp (sample thickness: 0.21 mm)

FIG. 5: A4 and V4, respectively not irradiated and following 100 hours of irradiation by means of an HOK-4 lamp (sample thickness: 0.2 mm).

The figures document that the desired transmission progression is achieved by means of the special contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃, which is represented in particular by the comparison with the samples V1, V5, V3, which are low in Fe₂O₃, or the samples V2, V5, which are low in TiO₂. The importance of the lack of CeO₂ for the transmission is also made clear.

The figures, as well as the indication of Delta₁₅ tau (300 nm; 0.2 mm) in the tables make clear the differences in the solarization stability between the glass of the invention and comparison glass. The negative effect of CeO₂ becomes clear in the comparison between V4 and, for example, A5 or A6, but in particular with A1 (see the table) or A4 (see FIG. 5).

The glass in accordance with the invention has a high degree of solarization stability, expressed by Delta₁₅ tau (300 nm; 0.2 mm) of <5%, a high transmission in the visible range (see the progression of transmission), in particular expressed by tau (>400 nm; 0.2 mm)≧92%, and good UV blocking (see the progression of transmission), in particular expressed by tau (≦260 nm; 0.2 mm)≦30%.

The glass moreover has a transformation temperature T_(g)<520° C., so that it can be easily worked.

The glass furthermore has a thermal expansion coefficient α_(20/300) between 3.7×10⁻⁶/K and 4.2×10⁻⁶/K. It is therefore well matched to the thermal expansion properties of tungsten, i.e. it can be melted together with W.

With these properties, glass is well suited for producing lamp bulbs for flash tubes and for gas discharge lamps.

In preferred embodiments with comparatively high TiO₂ contents, the glass shows good UV blocking, in particular expressed by tau (≦260 nm; 0.2 mm)≦0.7%.

Therefore the glass is outstandingly suitable for producing “backlights”, for example for the background lighting of, for example, displays of personal computers, laptops, notebooks, pocket calculators, vehicle navigation systems, scanners, but also of mirrors and pictures.

In the same way it is well suited for producing brake lights for vehicles. The third, additional, brake light in particular can preferably be produced by means of such a special fluorescent tube. 

1. A borosilicate glass of a composition (in weight-% and on an oxide base) of SiO₂ 70-80 B₂O₃ 13-18 Al₂O₃ 0.5-4 Li₂O 0-1 Na₂O 2-5 K₂O 1-3 MgO 0-1 CaO 0-1 BaO 0-1 Fe₂O₃ 0.01-0.05 TiO₂ 0.05-08 


2. The borosilicate glass in accordance with claim 1, characterized by a composition (in weight-% on and on an oxide base) of SiO₂ 70-80 B₂O₃ 13-18 Al₂O₃ 0.5-<2  Na₂O 2-5 K₂O >1-3 MgO 0-1 CaO 0-1 BaO 0-1 Fe₂O₃ 0.01-0.05 TiO₂ 0.05-08 


3. The borosilicate glass in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least 0.2 weight-%, preferably at least 0.2 weight-%, of TiO₂.
 4. The borosilicate glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains (in weight-% on and on an oxide base) ZrO₂ 0-1  SnO₂ 0-0.5 MnO₂ 0-0.1 Sb₂O₃ 0-0.5


5. The borosilicate glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1, characterized in that, except for unavoidable impurities, it is free of As₂O₃ and PbO.
 6. The borosilicate glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1, with a transmission drop at lambda=300 nm of less than 5% following the HOK-4 irradiation for 15 hours of a glass sample of 0.2 mm thickness.
 7. The borosilicate glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1, with a transmission temperature Tg<520° C., with a thermal expansion coefficient α_(20/300) between 3.7×10⁻⁶/K and 4.2×10⁻⁶/K, a transmission tau at lambda ≦260 nm of ≦30% (with 0.2 mm sample thickness).
 8. The borosilicate glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1, with a transmission temperature Tg<520° C., with a thermal expansion coefficient α_(20/300) between 3.7×10⁻⁶/K and 4.2×10⁻⁶/K, a transmission tau at lambda ≦260 nm of ≦0.7% (with 0.2 mm sample thickness).
 9. Use of the glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1 8 for producing fluorescent tubes for the background illumination of displays.
 10. Use of the glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1 8 for producing fluorescent tubes for brake lights of vehicles.
 11. Use of the glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1 for producing flash tubes.
 12. Use of the glass in accordance with at least one of claim 1 for producing gas discharge lamps. 